西瓜同工酶及可溶性蛋白分析

对京欣一号西瓜的亲本及杂种一代的几种同工酶系统及可溶性蛋白进行了分析。结果表明，在种子萌发过程中，过氧化物酶、酯酶和可溶性蛋白随发育阶段或营养状况的改变而改变；而在相同萌发时期，过氧物酶工酶、酯酶同工酶、过氧化氢酶同工酶和淀粉酶同工酶在亲本及杂种间未见差异，杂种的可溶性蛋白图谱表现与母本相同，而与父本有差异。此外，对６个品种的西瓜、非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的分析结果表明，非洲西瓜和瓠瓜的过氧化物酶酶谱、酯酶     

Variation in the storage proteins of peas in relation to sulphur amino-acid content

Summary A cellulose acetate electrophoretic technique has been used to characterise the storage proteins present in pea seeds in order to try and determine the proportions of proteins present which are enriched in sulphur amino-acids. Some of the eight varieties examined were shown to differ in their proportions of the various storage proteins. When the proteins were separated and estimated quantitatively and also characterised by their sub-unit composition, it was shown that cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude protein extracts or of whole globulins did not give the degree of resolution required. The procedures which have to be undertaken in order to obtain this information are considered, and the difficulties of incorporating them into a plant breeding programme discussed.     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

非肉蛋白对重组碎羊肉卷粘合特性的研究

分析了转谷氨酰胺酶在其最佳的作用浓度、反应温度和作用时间条件下,添加几种非肉蛋白对重组碎羊肉卷的粘合性能。将多组非肉蛋白处理组与空白处理组做比较,利用质构分析仪测定其流变学特性,由此筛选出作用效果比较好的非肉蛋白。结果表明,加入转谷氨酰胺酶可以提高肉块间的粘合性能,而且添加卵清蛋白、蛋黄蛋白、大豆分离蛋白和酪蛋白与转谷氨酰胺酶之间具有协同增效的作用,从而使碎肉形成致密的凝胶网络结构。其中,酪蛋白的添加对于成品凝胶硬度、凝聚性、粘着性以及咀嚼性的提高都较其他处理显著,即质量分数为0.04%的转谷氨酰胺酶、0.2%的酪蛋白为最优配方。这是一个用鲜肉原料制造重组肉制品的有效方法。     

热激处理对棉苗子叶可溶性蛋白质种类和含量的影响

选用抗虫棉品种DP99B,彩色棉品种绿絮1号和棕絮1号,应用现代生物科学技术和手段,研究了棉花早期(萌动期、子叶期、1叶期)热激诱导产生的热激蛋白(HSPs)种类及其含量。结果表明:3个品种3个时期热激处理,处理后41.8 KD热激蛋白含量都增加。此外,DP品种不同时期热激处理后蛋白质含量增加的有3种,含量减少的有1种,含量不变的有3种,含量测不出来的有10种;LV品种热激处理后蛋白质含量增加的有3种,含量减少的有2种,含量不变的有3种,含量测不出来的有8种;ZH品种热激处理后蛋白质含量增加的有6种,含量减少的有2种,含量不变的有2种,含量测不出来的有5种。     

栗属分子生物学研究进展

壳斗科(Fagaceae)栗属(Castanea)植物的7个种分布广泛,不仅可用于木材生产,而且在坚果生产上也占有独特地位。基于形态学、同工酶、子叶储藏蛋白和RAPD数据,通过对分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美的栗属植物的遗传多样性研究表明中国板栗(Castaneamollissima)是世界栗属植物的原始种,长江流域是中国板栗的遗传多样性中心,土耳其是欧洲板栗的起源中心之一。在分子标记辅助育种方面,已发表了基于形态学、同工酶、RAPD和ISSR数据的两张栗属植物的遗传连锁图谱,其中一个是用欧洲板栗种内杂交后代F1全部单株构建的,另一张是用美洲板栗与中国板栗种间杂交后代F2单株构建的,并已经定位了3个假定的栗疫病抗性位点;并且证明在多年生木本果树上同工酶基因可通过连锁关系分析与形态基因整合为1个单一基因图而无需另外的杂交。从栗属植物中已分离纯化了包括可抑制HIV-1反转录酶活性的Mollisin在内的几丁质酶等抗真菌蛋白、胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、热击蛋白、红血球凝集素、脱水素、花粉过敏原等功能蛋白质,并已经克隆了包括伤害应答基因在内的部分功能蛋白质相关基因。因此,作为具有独特性质的栗属植物,有必要开展更多的研究,就此本文对栗属植物遗传多样性、分子标记辅助育种和功能蛋白纯化和有关基因克隆等几方面的研究进展进行了总结,希望能位同行提供参考。     

Chromosomal effects in the endogenous contents of non-structural carbohydrates and proteins measured in wheat substitution lines

In hexaploid bread wheat, Triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), little work has been carried out to study the genetic control of the synthesis of reduced, non‐reduced and total non‐structural carbohydrates and soluble proteins in aerial and rooting structures. The aim of this paper was to determine the chromosomal location of genes determining carbohydrate and protein synthesis that could be used for diagnostic selection in segregating breeding populations. A set of wheat intervarietal chromosome substitution lines [‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) × synthetic wheat (Triticum diccocoides×Aegilops squarrosa) (Syn)], was used. Plants were cultivated in hydroponic solutions to the fully expanded third leaf stage. Carbohydrate and protein contents and dry matter were determined for aerial and root parts. The root dry weight did not show significant differences between the parental varieties and the substitution lines, except for 5A, 2B and 6B, which had significantly lower dry weights. The aerial dry weight was significantly higher for Syn and the 2A substitution line. The ratio aerial dry weight/root dry weight was significantly higher in Syn, 1A, 2A and 4B. The protein content of the plant showed highly significant differences between both parental lines but 6A and 1D of the substitution lines showed highly significant differences, with contents as high as that for Syn. Syn produced significantly lower total aerial carbohydrates. The substitution lines 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 2B, 3D, 5D and 6D showed highly significant total carbohydrate content increases in the aerial parts compared with both parental lines. The non‐reduced carbohydrate contents showed a pattern similar to that of the total carbohydrates. Syn had a lower reduced carbohydrate content than CS. Only the 5A, 2B, and 1D substitution lines had a highly significantly different content of reduced carbohydrates than CS. In roots, Syn produced the lowest values for every type of sugar. The highest significant values for total carbohydrates were found in substitution lines 2B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 1D and 6D. The non‐reduced carbohydrate levels were significantly higher than CS in 2B, 5B, 6B and 6D substitution lines. Only the substitution lines 3B and 1D showed a significantly higher reduced carbohydrate content in roots compared with CS. The photoassimilate partitioning in Syn, 1 A, 2A and 4B favoured the aerial parts but, in contrast, higher partitioning to the roots was found in the 7B, 1D and 3D substitution lines. Both groups appear to carry interesting patterns worth incorporating in wheat cultivars.     

肉鸡热休克蛋白70 mRNA荧光定量PCR方法的建立和优化

对适应性饲养到30日龄时的60只肉鸡进行热应激处理,通过热休克蛋白70(heatshockprotein70,HSP70)mRNA荧光定量PCR(fluorescencequantitativePCR,FQ-PCR)方法检测热应激处理肉鸡组织中HSP70mRNA含量。虽然受试鸡肝脏和心脏的HSP70mRNA水平在热应激6h时略低于对照组(P>0.05),但随持续性高温应激时间的延长,HSP70mRNA水平逐渐升高,热应激18h时应激肉鸡肝脏和心脏HSP70mRNA水平达最高水平,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。实验选用3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因(GAPDH)作为内参照,体外转录的RNA和阳性质粒作为两种标准品。结果显示,实验所建立和优化的FQ-PCR反应体系是理想的。     

微射流均质预处理提高大豆分离蛋白酶解效率及酶解产物乳化性能

为了探讨微射流均质预处理对大豆分离蛋白酶解效率及酶解产物乳化性能的影响,该文研究比较了微射流均质预处理前后大豆分离蛋白酶解产物的理化性质(水解度、亚基组成、蛋白溶解性、表面疏水性和分子量分布)和乳化性能(通过测定分析样品乳状液的平均粒径和微观结构评估样品的乳化性能)的变化。研究表明:大豆分离蛋白经过微射流均质预处理后采用木瓜蛋白酶水解,其酶解产物(水解度为1.7%)与对照大豆分离蛋白和未经预处理的酶解产物相比,在较低浓度下(30 g/L)制备出粒径细小的稳定乳状液(体积平均粒径≈1.6μm)。微射流均质预处理提高了大豆分离蛋白中α-7S和A-11S亚基的酶解敏感性,使酶解产物在水解度1.3%~1.7%范围内蛋白溶解性显著增加(P0.05),同时保持较高的表面疏水性值,与未经预处理的酶解产物相比形成了更多具有界面活性的可溶性多肽(分子量主要分布在11.3 k Da左右),在乳化过程中可有效防止乳液滴间发生桥联絮凝。因此微射流均质预处理是一种辅助提高大豆蛋白酶解效率和酶解产物乳化性能行之有效的方法。研究结果可为大豆蛋白深加工蛋白乳化剂提供理论和方法参考。     

银杏枝条营养贮藏蛋白质的免疫细胞化学鉴定

依据银杏枝条中32和36 ku蛋白质含量的明显季节变化,推测它们是银杏的营养贮藏蛋白质.采用间接免疫组织细胞化学定位技术,对这2种蛋白质进行细胞化学定位.32和36 ku蛋白质具有一定的免疫相关性,它们分布在一些皮层薄壁细胞和韧皮部的韧皮薄壁细胞中,存在于这些细胞的小液泡里.研究结果揭示这2种蛋白质的组织分布式样,为这2种蛋白质是银杏的营养贮藏蛋白质提供有力证据.